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open nomenclature
Open nomenclature is a vocabulary of partly informal terms and signs in which a taxonomist may express remarks on his own material. This is in contrast to synonymy lists, in which a taxonomist may express remarks on the work of others.〔S. C. Matthews (1973). "Notes on open nomenclature and on synonymy lists". Palaeontology 16 (4): 713–719. Retrieved 28 July 2014.〕 Commonly such remarks take the form of abbreviated taxonomic expressions in biological classification.
==Usage of open nomenclature==
The expressions most commonly used are ''aff.'', ''cf.'', ''?'', and ''sp.''. There is no strict convention that dictates where researchers place expressions such as ''aff.'' and ''cf.'' in the Latin name of a species or other taxon, and this may lead to difficulties of interpretation. However, the most significant unsettled issues concern the way that their meanings are to be interpreted. The International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN) makes no reference to open nomenclature, leaving its use and meaning open for interpretation by taxonomists.
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